Ceramics
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GLAZES

INDIGO
COLORANT CONE ATMOS. % COMMENTS
Nickel Vary Ox. 8%-15% Use in high barium/zinc glazes.
Also likely to crystallize.
Cobalt + Manganese Vary Both 5%-10% Various mixtures in most glazes.
Cobalt + Black Stain Vary Both 5%-8% Various mixtures in most glazes.
VIOLET
COLORANT CONE ATMOS. % COMMENTS
Cobalt Vary Both 5%-10% In high magnesium glazes.
Nickel Vary Ox. 1%-10% In some saturated-barium glazes.
Manganese Vary Both 5%-10% In high alkaline glazes.
Copper Vary Ox. 8%-10% In some saturated-barium glazes.
PURPLE
COLORANT CONE ATMOS. % COMMENTS
Copper 6-10 Both 8%-10% In high barium and barium/zinc glazes.
Copper 8-10 Red. 1%-5% In copper red glazes opacified with titamium.
Nickel Vary Ox. 5%-10% In some high barium glazes.
Cobalt Vary Both 5%-10% In high magnesium glazes.
Manganese 04-10 Ox. 5%-10 In high alkaline and barium glazes.
Iron 8-10 Red. 8%-10% In high calcium glazes; likely to crystallize.
Copper + Cobalt Vary Red. 2%-8% Various mixtures in many glazes.
Chrome + Tin +Cobalt Vary Ox. 2%-8% Various mixtures in many glazes.
MAUVE OR LILAC
COLORANT CONE ATMOS. % COMMENTS
Cobalt Vary Both 1%-5% In high magnesium glazes.
Nickel Vary Ox. 1%-5% In some saturated-barium glazes.
PINK
COLORANT CONE ATMOS. % COMMENTS
Cobalt Vary Ox. 1%-3% In high magnesium glazes opacified with tin.
Also in very low alumina content glazes.
Copper Vary Red. 0.2%-2% In copper red glazes with titanium.
Copper 6-10 Ox. 0.2%-3% In high magnesium or high alumina glazes.
Copper 8-10 Red. 5%-10% In copper red glazes opacified with at least 5% titanium.
Chromium Vary Ox. 1%-2% In calcium glazes opacified with 5%-10% tin.
Iron Vary Ox. 1%-5% In calcium glazes opacified with tin.
Rutile Vary Both 5%-10% In high calcium and some ash glazes.
Nickel 018-010 Ox. 1%-3% In high barium glazes with some zinc.
Manganese Vary Both 1%-5% In alkaline glazes opacified with tin or titanium. Also in high alumina glazes.
BROWN
COLORANT CONE ATMOS. % COMMENTS
Iron Vary Both 3%-10% In most glazes.
Manganese Vary Both 2%-10% In most glazes.
Nickel Vary Both 2%-5% In high boron, clacium and lead glazes.
Chromium Vary Both 2%-5% In high zinc glazes.
Umber Vary Both 2%-10% In most glazes.
Limenite Vary Both 2%-10% In most glazes. High calcium may yeild a bluish tint.
Rutile Vary Both 5%-10% In most glazes; golden brown.
GRAY
COLORANT CONE ATMOS. % COMMENTS
Iron Vary Red. 2%-4% In many glaze bases; gray brown.
Iron Chromate Vary Both 2%-5% In most glaze bases without zinc or tin.
Nickel Vary Both 2%-5% In most glaze bases; gray brown.
Copper 8-10 Both 3%-10% In high magnesium glazes. Warm gray in reduction; cold gray in oxidation.
Cobalt + Nickel Vary Both 1%-5% Blue gray in most glazes.
Cobalt + Manganese Vary Both 1%-5% Blue gray to purple gray in most glazes.
Black Stain Vary Both 1%-5% Shades of gray in most opacified glazes.
BLACK
COLORANT CONE ATMOS. % COMMENTS
Iron Vary Both 8%-12% In high calcium glazes--the temmoku range.
Copper Vary Both 8%-10% In a wide range of glazes.
Cobalt Vary Both 8%-10% Blue black in most glazes except those high in zinc and magnesium.
Manganese Vary Both 8%-15% Brown black in most glazes.
Copper + Manganese Vary Both 10%-20% In most glazes; sometimes lustrous.
Uranium Vary Red. 5%-10% In most glazes.
Cobalt + Iron + Manganese Vary Both 5%-10% Various mixtures in most glazes.
Cobalt + Iron + Chromium Vary Both 5%-10% Various mixtures in most zinc-free glazes.
Black Stain Vary Both 3%-10% In most zinc-free, nonopacified glazes.