Study Guide for Exam #2, Cultural Anthropology

Below are terms to know and a brief outline for each chapter and from lectures.

I. Language (Chapter 4)

A. Descriptive Linguistics--Phonology, Morphology and Syntax); Historical Linguistics  

B. Language and Culture—Ethnolinguistics; Sapir-Whorf hypothesis; Sociolinguistics

C. Silent Language as Part of Symbolic Communication

descriptive linguistics morpheme sociolinguistics Black English Dialect creole

phonology syntax Sapir-Whorf hypothesis lingua france ethnolinguistics

phoneme historical linguistics kinesics pidgin

II. Subsistence Strategies (Chapter 5)

A. Models: Evolutionary, Ecological, and Evolutionary-Ecological Models 

B. Foraging, Horticulture, Pastoralism , and Agriculture as Subsistence Strategies 

neoevolutionary model optimal foraging model traditions family band balanced reciprocity horticulture slash and burn (swidden) market exchange

Oldowan tools evolutionary-ecological model foraging patrilocal band negative reciprocity nomadic pastoralism nomadic pastoralism

Acheulean hand ax carrying capacity reciprocity egalitarian transhumance agriculture

eecological model technology bands generalized reciprocity low energy budget transhumance redistribution

III. Kinship and Marriage (Chapter 6)  

A. Exogamy and Endogamy, the Levirate and the Sororate  

B. Marriage Forms and Functions: Monogamy, Polygamy, Polygyny, polyandry, Group marriage, Sister Exchange Marriage

C. Mate Choice and Marriage Finance: Bridewealth and Dowry

D. Family: Family of orientation, of procreation, extended and expanded Residence Rules

E. Residence Rules Patrilocal (virilocal), Matrilocal (uxorilocal), Matrifocal, Avunculocal, Bilocal residence, Matri-patrilocal

exogamy sororate polygamy cross cousin half-marriage affinal kin neolocal residence matrilocal residence avunculocal residence

nuclear family status polygyny parallel cousin family of orientation kinship system atrilocal residence uxurilocal residence bilocal residence

endogamy role polyandry bridewealth consanguineal kin extended family virilocal residence matrifocal residence ambilocal residence

levirate monogamy sister exchange dowry family of procreation household shabano matri-patrilocal residence

IV. Kinship and Descent (Chapter 7)

A. Functions of Kinship Systems; Ideal versus Real Patterns of Kinship  

C. Descent Groups (study the various groups in the book)

D. Types of Lineages

E. Parallel and Cross-Cousins revisited; Terminological Systems  

role lineage kindred phratry parallel cousin

status patrilineage double descent moiety kinship term

ascribed status agnates ambilineal descent segmentary lineage

achieved status matrilineage clan cross-cousin bifurcate

descent group bilateral descent totem