Violence in the Media
n
United States
n
Research
n
World
n
Research
Defining Violence
n
Difficult to do
n
Violence = Latent variable
n
Measureable
Defining Violence
n
Gerbner’s Definition
n
(Gerbner, Gross, Morgan & Signorielli, 1980).
Aronson (1995)
Williams, Zabrack and Joy (1982)
n
Potter (1995)
n
Wilson et al’s (1996 &
1997) Violence
definition
n
Violence and Cognitive development
n
"Television in
the Lives of Our Children“
n
by Schramm, Lyle, and Parker.
n
11 investigations
n
Why watch television?
Violence in the Media 1960s
n
Ball and Baker
n
1) Audiences that are exposed to mass media portrayals of violence
learn how to perform violent acts; and
n
(2) Audience members are more likely to exhibit that learning if
they expect to be rewarded for violent behavior and/or encounter a situation
similar to that portrayed.
Potter et al. (1995)
n
Social Learning Theory
n
Bandura’s central proposition is that ways of behaving are
learned by observing others
Bandura
n
He
argued that it was learned through the process of conditioning.
Comstock
and Lindsey (1975) also support Bandura’s arguments; they say:
n
Potter and Warren (1996)
n
88% of antisocial
acts were portrayed as being rewarded.
Williams, Zabrack and Joy (1982)
n
found that aggression was portrayed as a successful way to solve
conflicts
The National Television Violence Study (1996)
n
Massive study
n
Three volumes of info over many years
n
Awareness of violence past the actual act.
n
Consequences of action
The National television
violence study (1996)
The national television
violence study (method)
n
Conducting the study
Han, S, & Pitts, M. J.
(2002)
n
Depictions of violence in US and American Dramatic Programming
Legislation related to violence
n
The Television Violence Act of 1990
n
Children’s Television Act
n
“V-Chip.”
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