EXERCISE 36 ANATOMY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
Be able to define: Pulmonary ventilation, External respiration and internal respiration.

On models be able to identify: external nares; nasal cavity; superior, middle, inferior nasal conchae; frontal and sphenoid sinuses; hard and soft palates; nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx; opening of auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube; pharyngeal, palatine and lingual tonsils; epiglottis; thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid and corniculate cartilages; false vocal cords; true vocal cords; glottis; trachea; primary bronchi; right and left lung; diaphragm.
Identify as many of the structures listed above as possible on the sheep pluck and trachea.

Slides: examine slides of the trachea and lung tissue

What differences in structure between the right and left primary bronchi would cause an inhaled substance or object to more frequently end up in the right lung?
What are the structural differences between the right and left lungs?
What is an alveolus?

EXERCISE 37 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY:
Be able to explain the mechanics behind inspiration and expiration. What muscles are involved, and what do they do?
Examine the Bell Jar Lung Model. Be able to identify what parts of the body the following represent: the balloons, the wall of the jar, the rubber membrane, the "Y" shaped tube.
Listening to respiratory sounds is optional.
Spirometry: Using the computers and spirometers measure the tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and vital capacity. Be able to identify these terms from a verbal description and from a spirometry tracing. Be able to calculate the minute respiratory volume.

Perform the PHYSIOEX EXPERIMENT 37 B using the information on  page p-78 in the back of your lab manual.
Be sure to understand the role of surfactant in the action of the lungs.
How does breathing rate affect CO2 levels? Rebreathing? Breath holding?