10/7 -10/10
Exercise 14: Microscopic Anatomy and Organization of
Skeletal Muscle (Will be covered mostly in lecture)
Understand the microscopic structure of skeletal muscle. Know what
actin (protein of the thin filament) and myosin (protein of the thick filament)
are, and what a sarcomere is. What makes up a triad? How does a muscle contract
on the cellular level? What is contained in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Know how a muscle is put together, and the connective tissue
sheathes that bind muscles together (epimysium, perimysium and endomysium).
What is an aponeurosis? What is meant by the origin and insertion of a muscle?
What is a motor unit? Be able to describe the neuromuscular
junction, and what happens here.
Exercise 15: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System
Be able to define prime mover, synergist and antagonists in terms of
muscles. What are fixators?
Over the next three weeks we will be dealing with the identification of specific
muscles in both human models and in cat dissections. Use each week to review
what you looked at the previous week, and don't be afraid to look ahead!
For all human muscles be sure you can identify and give action
of the muscle.
Muscles of head and neck (know on models and diagrams): epicranius ( frontalis and occipitalis),
orbicularis oculi, zygomaticus ( major and minor), depressor anguli oris,
orbicularis oris, mentalis, buccinator, masseter, temporalis, platysma,
sternocleidomastoid, scalenes ( anterior, middle, posterior) digastric,
mylohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid.
Muscles of the thorax and shoulder: pectoralis major, serratus anterior,
deltoid, pectoralis minor, external intercostals, internal intercostals,
diaphragm.
Muscles of the abdominal wall: rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal
oblique, transversus abdominis.
Cat: digastric, mylohyoid, masseter, sternohyoid, sternothyroid,
sternomastoid, pectoantebrachialis, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus
ventralis, xiphihumeralis, external oblique, transverse abdominis, internal
oblique, rectus abdominis.
Exercise 16B: Skeletal Muscle Physiology
This exercise takes you through a great deal of the material A&P 1
covers as far as basic muscle function. Be able to define motor unit summation
(also called recruitment), treppe, and tetanus (NOT the disease!!!). Know what
isometric and isotonic contractions are. As we did last time, look over the
review questions for exercise 16B in the back of your lab manual, as this is the
most likely source of test questions!!!