9/26 - 9/29

Exercise 12 : The Fetal Skeleton

Which would contain more bones, an adult or a fetal skeleton? Does the fetal skull have the same bones as the adult skull? How does the size of the face compare to the cranium? How does this compare to what is seen in the adult?
    What are fontanels? Be able to identify these. How are the bones formed that make up the cranium? Be sure to look over the review questions in your lab manual after observing the fetal skeleton.

Exercise 13: Articulations and Body Movements

What is an articulation? Name the three functional classifications of joints, and be able to describe the amount of movement allowed at each type.
    What is a fibrous joint? Does it have a joint cavity? How much movement do these joints permit? Identify places in the body where you would find a sutural joint. What is a syndesmoses? A gomphosis?
    What is a cartilaginous joint? Does it have a joint cavity? What is a symphysis? Give an example. What is a synchondrosis? Give an example of a permanent synchondrosis. Give an example of a temporary synchondrosis.
    Describe the structure of a typical synovial joint, identifying the articular capsule, synovial membrane, fibrous capsule, articular cartilage, joint cavity, ligaments and periosteum.
    Be able to identify the following synovial joints: plane (gliding) joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, condyloid joints, saddle joints, and ball and socket joints in general and by example.
    Be able to define the types of movements described in Activity 5. Complete the tables in activity 6. Study the table 13.1. Be very familiar with the first 3 columns, and be sure you can describe each joint as synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic or diarthrotic, and the major movements of each joint.
    The knee is the most complex joint in the human body. On the models in class or diagrams be able to identify: the fibular collateral ligament, the tibial collateral ligament, the patellar tendon (tendon of the quadriceps muscle), the patellar ligament (what is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?), the medial and lateral patellar retinaculum, the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, the arcuate popliteal ligament, the oblique popliteal ligament, and medial and lateral menisci, and all the bones involved in this joint.
    The hip joint is a very stable ball and socket joint. Be able to identify : the acetabulum, the acetabular labrum, the ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres), fovea capitis of the femur, the iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments.
    The Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), like the knee, contains a modified hinge joint. Be able to identify the condyle of the mandible, the mandibular fossa,  and articular tubercle. Explore the movements of the joint in activity 9.
    What is a sprain? A discloaction?