Chapter 8
Know the structural and functional classification of joints.
Be able to identify a suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis, synchondrosis,
synchondrosis and symphysis.
For the diarthroses, know the basic structure of a synovial joint, gliding
joint, hinge joint, pivot joint, condyloid joint, saddle joint and ball and
socket joint, and at least one example of each.
Know the types of movements that we talked about in class.
Shoulder joint : know the capsule, glenoid labrum, where the ligaments are
found, and what a rotator cuff is. Where is this joint's weakest point? Why is it
so often dislocated?
What makes the hip a more stable joint? Don't forget the acetabular labrum!
Knee joint : know in detail, articulations, ligaments, capsule and where they
are found.
Look over the elbow, know what bones are involved and how they articulate, and
the radial collateral ligament, ulnar collateral ligament and the annular
ligament.
Chapter 9
Know the three types of muscle tissue and their characteristics.
Know the functions of muscles and their characteristics: Excitability,
Conductivity, contractility, extensibility, Elasticity forgot to mention these
in class - some explanation on overheads for muscle - rest should be obvious.
Know the functions of muscle tissue.
Where would you find the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium?
What is a tendon? What is an aponeurosis?
What is a motor unit?
What are the parts of the neuromuscular junction? What neurotransmitter is
released here?
What is a muscle fiber? What are the sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, and sarcoplasmic
reticulum? What is a myofibril and what causes the bands? What would you find in
each band/zone/line ?
What are the thick filaments made of , and how are the molecules arranged?
What three proteins make up the thin filaments, and how are they arranged?
What are elastic filaments and what do they do?
What is a triad?
What happens when a motor nerve is stimulated (the whole story).
What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in maintaining Ca++ levels in the
muscle cell?
How does a muscle cell relax ( a hot bath?).
What is calsequestrin and what does it do?
Why do you get stiff after you die?
How do muscles maintain homeostasis of body temperature? Where is the control
center for this?
What does it mean that muscle contraction is all-or-none?
What is the phosphagen system, and how does it work?
Is glycolysis an aerobic or anaerobic process? If there is no available oxygen,
what is its end product?
What is cellular respiration? Is it an aerobic or anaerobic process? Where does
it take place? (What organelle) Is it fast? Is it efficient?
What are the two sources of oxygen available to muscle?
Why do you need more oxygen when you are all done exercising?
What is a twitch contraction?
In a myogram, what is happening during the latent period? During the contraction
period? During the relaxation period? What is a refractory period?
What is tetanus, and why does it occur?
What is the relationship between tension and length of a muscle fiber?
What is recruitment, and how is it used to produce graded contractions?
Know the difference between isometric and isotonic (concentric and eccentric)
contractions.
Be able to tell the difference between slow oxidative, fast oxidative and
fast glycolytic skeletal muscle fibers.
END EXAM III