HISTORY 1013

Chapter 12 Study Guide

Identify the following:    

Alcuin

Charlemagne

simony

lay investiture

marches

the Venerable Bede

Rule of Saint Benedict

Magyars

fief

manorialism

feudalism

common law

William the Conqueror

Aachen

Domesday Book

Archbishop Thomas Becket

Magna Carta

Hanseatic League

missi dominici

Frederick Barbarossa

merchant guilds

vassal

Kievan state

 

Possible Essay:

Discuss feudalism as it developed in medieval Europe, including the structure of a feudal society. Why did it develop and was it effective in meeting the problems of European society?

List the main Crusades of the Middle Ages, along with basic information about each: date, where, significant facts.

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

  1. The two principal actors in the lay investiture controversy were Emperor Henry IV and
    A. Leo IX, the Byzantine emperor.
    B. William the Conqueror.
    C. Gregory VII.
    D. Philip I of France.

  2. The monastery at Cluny gradually came to stand for clerical celibacy and the suppression of
    A. indulgences.
    B. usury.
    C. lay investiture.
    D. simony.

  3. The period from roughly 600 to approximately 1000 has often been called the "Dark Ages" because
    A. there was a general breakdown in political control.
    B. there was a significant decline in learning and culture.
    C. trade and commerce was almost exclusively local in nature.
    D. All of the above are correct.

  4. Feudalism was important because it
    A. prevented political centralization in Europe.
    B. created the hierarchical social system in Europe.
    C. provided protection for the populace.
    D. allowed the growth of the monastic movement.

  5. In the Fourth Crusade, the Crusaders captured
    A. Jerusalem.
    B. Antioch.
    C. Damascus.
    D. Constantinople.

  6. The medieval division of society omitted the
    A. peasants.
    B. monks.
    C. knights.
    D. burghers.

  7. The great strength and appeal of the Rule of Saint Benedict was its
    A. emphasis on spirituality.
    B. alliance with the Bishop of Rome.
    C. advocacy of fanatical self punishment.
    D. moderation.

  8. In City of God, Saint Augustine argued that
    A. history was God acting in time.
    B. the church should be the governing body for both political and spiritual matters.
    C. all people live according to the spirit of God.
    D. the church should have no role in matters of politics and government.

  9. Which of the following was not one of Charlemagne's accomplishments?
    A. The establishment of the missi dominici
    B. The creation of marches
    C. The encouragement of literature and art
    D. The destruction of papal power

  10. A feudal lord exercised all of the following rights except
    A. religious.
    B. judicial.
    C. political.
    D. economic.

  11. Emperor Henry IV challenged Pope Gregory VII because
    A. the pope wanted ownership of Germany.
    B. the pope was a peasant.
    C. the pope restricted lay investiture.
    D. Henry wanted control over all of Italy.

  12. The Crusades originated as a reaction to
    A. Christian-Muslim conflict in Spain.
    B. the decline of Christian influence in Turkey.
    C. the decline of Christian influence in Italy.
    D. new economic opportunities in southern Italy.

  13. Which of the following statements best describes the effect of the Crusades on the women of Europe?
    A. They made it impossible for any women to experience foreign travel.
    B. They further limited the possibilities of female independence.
    C. They lowered the birthrate.
    D. They provided greater economic opportunities for women.

  14. Medieval peasants
    A. traveled widely and visited many foreign countries.
    B. had a sense of community and pride of place
    C. hardly ever drank alcoholic beverages.
    D. refused to let women work in the fields.

  15. The word "viking" may have come from the Norse word vik which means
    A. "boat."
    B. "Feudalism."
    C. "terrible."
    D. "creek."

  16. The territory known as Normandy took its name from the fact that
    A. The Roman Normandius first organized it politically in the 3d century.
    B. Viking invaders settled there and carved out a dukedom from Frankish territory in the 10th century.
    C. Charlemagne's grandson, Norman the Bald, inherited that portion of the empire after the death of his father Louis the Pious.
    D. The name came from a religious ceremony practiced by early Celtic settlers.

  17. The term reconquista referred to
    A. the recapture of Rome from Saracen and other barbarian invaders.
    B. the "recapture" of Jerusalem from the Moslems.
    C. the plan to capture Constantinople from Byzantine Greeks and reestablish the old Roman empire.
    D. the propagandist term proposed by the Spanish church to describe a holy war designed to "retake" Moorish Spain beginning in the 15th century.

  18. The Battle of Hastings
    A. halted the northern advance of Moslem armies in Europe.
    B. signaled the defeat of the Anglo-Saxons for control of England at the hand of Norman invaders.
    C. established Charlemagne's claim to a new Holy Roman Empire.
    D. was one of the few Crusade battles won by European crusaders.

  19. The main difference between a serf and a slave in medieval Europe was
    A. a slave had very little personal freedom, while a serf could make all personal decisions for himself, including such things as marriage and choice of work.
    B. a slave could be bought and sold, while a serf could not.
    C. slavery was a hereditary state, that is, the children of slaves were also slaves, while serfdom was not.
    D. All of the above are correct.

  20. A new religious order founded in the late 11th century that avoided involvement with secular feudal society was the
    A. Nicolaites.
    B. Cistercians.
    C. Benedictines.
    D. Knights Templar.

  21. 50. Feudalism developed
    A. as a form of local defense against the invaders of the ninth century.
    B. in somewhat different forms in various parts of Europe.
    C. into a system of government by a military elite.
    D. All of the above are correct.

  22. The greatest contribution the Cistercians made to twelfth-century society was their
    A. introduction of the windmill to Europe.
    B. role in ministering to the needs of urban dwellers.
    C. intellectual contributions in the fields of philosophy and theology.
    D. pioneering work in reclaiming land.

  23. The fundamental principle of French administration was the idea that
    A. royal interests superseded local interests.
    B. the French people's interests should be protected.
    C. the French king was not superior to the pope.
    D. local and royal interests should be balanced.