Consumer Health

Nutrition Fads, Fallacies, and Scams

Food Faddism

An unusual, enthusiastically adopted pattern of food behavior

Dietary Supplements

Any food substance consumed in addition to regular food intake

Nutrition

Most experts agree that healthy individuals can get all needed nutrients through eating a balanced diet

Stress Supplements

"Stress-formulas" typically contain several times the RDA for the B complex and C vitamins

Excess of these vitamins pass through the system

Vitamins
Natural vs. Synthetic

Claims that natural vitamins are better than synthetic vitamins are unfounded

Claims for foods + vitamins???

Antioxidants

During metabolism "oxygen free radicals" are formed

Antioxidants absorb these radicals

Source: Fruits & vegetables

Amino Acids

Amino acids are often marketed as weight loss of ergogentic aids

Evidence does not support these claims

Megavitamin Claims

Vitamin C

No benefit

Vitamin E

No proven therapeutic, nutritional, or cosmetic value

Dangers of Vitamin Excess

Excess vitamins seldom serve a purpose

Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in fat and can reach toxic levels

Water-soluble vitamins are typically passed through the system

Supplement Use

Supplements are useful for individuals who do not consume an adequate diet

Examples include:

Wrestler, Severe caloric restriction, those with low calcium intake

Health Foods

"Special foods that can benefit peoples health

Be careful with the "health food" claim; most any food is healthy in moderation

Organic Foods

This term attempts to describe the method of food production

Foods grown naturally

No pesticides

No artificial fertilizers

Natural Foods

Foods produced with minimal processing and without additives or artificial ingredients

The word natural usually means the product is higher-priced

Medicinal use of Herbs

Many believe that either one or a combination of different plant origin substances can provide a legitimate medical use

Roots, plants, barks, and seeds are examples

Microbiotic Diets

Microbiotic - "Way of long life"

System that advocates a vegetarian diet in which foods of animal origin are used to complement but not be the meal

Followers of the diet were at risk for malnutrition

Health-Food Stores

In 1995 there were an estimated 9,012 health-food stores in America

Total gross sales were $6 billion

$2.2 billion for vitamins and supplements

It is not legal for storekeepers to diagnose or prescribe

Pharmacist

Most every pharmacy stocks and sells supplements that are irrationally formulated

Most give poor advice about supplements

Pharmacist make money on supplements

Chiropractors

More than 50 companies supply supplements to chiropractic offices

Many are intended for the treatment of disease

This is unproven and does not have FDA approval

Unqualified Nutrition Consultants

There are many consultants who have obtained some sort of certification in the field of nutrition

Some of these programs take less than a year to complete

Nutrition information continues to change

Diagnostic Test???

Many practitioners and consultants use test as a bases for recommending supplements

Examples include

Hair analysis, "muscle testing", live-cell analysis, and Essential Metabolics Analysis

Diagnostic Test

Hair Analysis

Test is preformed by obtaining a sample of hair and sending it to a lab to be analyzed

Hair analysis does not show the body’s nutritional state

Diagnostic Test

"Muscle testing"

Based on the notion that every organ dysfunction is accompanied by a specific muscle weakness

This enables disease to be diagnosed through testing of the muscles

Diagnostic Test

Live-cell analysis

Preformed by placing a drop of blood on a microscope slide

The blood is visually examined and a diagnosis is made

The claim is that it is useful in detecting vitamin and mineral deficiencies as well as other health problems

Diagnostic Test

Essential Metabolics Analysis (EMA)

Claim is to precisely measure the body’s nutrient status

preformed by placing a type of white blood cell in a dish and adding nutrients

A growth stimulant is added and cell growth is analyzed

Questions/Terms

Food Faddism

Dietary Supplements

Nutrition

Stress Supplements

Vitamins

Antioxidants

Medicinal use of Herbs

Questions/Terms

Amino Acids

Megavitamin Claims

Dangers of Excess

Supplement Use

Health Foods

Organic Foods

Natural Foods

Questions/Terms

Microbiotic Diets

Health Food Stores

Pharmacist

Chiropractors

Unqualified Consultants

Diagnostic Test

Read Ch 13
Weight Control